Which term refers to the harmful effects on the kidneys?

The term that refers to harmful effects on the kidneys is nephrotoxicity. This term specifically describes the toxic effects that substances, such as certain medications or chemicals, can have on kidney function and structure. Nephrotoxicity may lead to conditions such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, or even complete renal failure, depending on the severity and duration of exposure to the nephrotoxic agent.

Other terms relate to toxicity affecting different organs or biological processes. Hepatotoxicity, for instance, pertains to harmful effects on the liver. Teratogenicity refers to agents that can cause developmental abnormalities or birth defects in a fetus when a pregnant woman is exposed to them. Carcinogenicity is the capacity of a substance to cause cancer. Each of these terms is specific to its respective organ or effect, highlighting why nephrotoxicity correctly identifies the harmful effects specifically on the kidneys.