Which federal agency is primarily responsible for overseeing the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics?

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the federal agency responsible for ensuring the safety and efficacy of food, drugs, and cosmetics in the United States. Established in 1906, the FDA's primary mission is to protect public health by regulating these products and ensuring they meet strict safety standards prior to being made available to consumers.

The agency conducts scientific research, provides oversight of manufacturing practices, and monitors products after they reach the market to identify any potential risks associated with their use. Its role extends to reviewing new drug applications, evaluating the safety of food additives, and regulating cosmetics to prevent misleading claims and ensure that they do not pose health risks.

In contrast, other agencies mentioned in the question serve different functions. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) focuses primarily on enforcing controlled substances laws and regulations, addressing issues related to drug abuse and trafficking. The National Association of Drug Programs (NADP) primarily deals with drug prescription assistance rather than safety oversight. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is concerned with workplace safety and health regulations but does not specifically oversee food, drugs, or cosmetics.

This distinction highlights the FDA's unique role in safeguarding public health concerning these essential consumer products.