Which administration route is considered parenteral?

The subcutaneous route is considered parenteral because it involves the administration of medication via injection directly into the layer of fat and tissue beneath the skin. Parenteral routes bypass the gastrointestinal tract, which is characteristic of methods like oral or buccal administration. Subcutaneous injections are typically used for medications that require slow and consistent absorption into the bloodstream, such as insulin or certain vaccines.

In contrast, the sublingual route involves placing medication under the tongue for absorption directly into the bloodstream, and the buccal route involves placing it between the gum and cheek. Both of these are considered non-parenteral routes as they utilize the oral mucosa rather than injections. The oral route involves swallowing medications, which is also non-parenteral, as it relies on the gastrointestinal system for absorption.