What condition is characterized by painful inflammation due to excess uric acid in the joints?

Gout is a specific inflammatory condition that arises when there is an excess of uric acid in the bloodstream, leading to the formation of urate crystals in the joints. This accumulation causes intense pain, swelling, and redness, most commonly affecting the big toe but can also occur in other joints. The pain associated with gout typically occurs suddenly and can be quite severe, often referred to as a gout attack.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately define the condition described. Clots refer to a mass of coagulated liquid or a blockage in blood vessels, while enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body. Sodium, meanwhile, is a vital electrolyte but not a condition or related to joint inflammation in this context. Understanding the pathology behind gout helps in recognizing its symptoms and the importance of managing uric acid levels to prevent further attacks.